Bladder should be almost full so patient needs to drink more water.
Steps:
Patient is made to lie down on her back.
Abdomen is exposed with a bed sheet covering her legs.
USG is performed with a trans abdominal probe after application of jelly on lower abdomen.
TVS:
Bladder should be empty.
Steps:
Patient lies down on her back with legs flexed at knee and hip joints and legs apart.
A transvaginal probe covered with jelly and probe cover is gently inserted inside the vagina and scan done.
Benefits of Ultrasound:
To look for any disease of the uterus, ovaries, tubes and adnexa
Uterus: To look for size, shape, mobility, position, endometrial thickness, echogenicity of the endometrium and any masses in the uterine well. E.g. fibroids, polyps in the uterine cavity, adenomyosis. Color doppler for blood flow in the endometrium is done which predicts uterine receptivity.
Ovaries: To look for size, volume, AFC, any ovarian cysts like follicular cysts, encapsulated cysts, dermoid cysts, endometriotic cysts, ovarian tumors etc. Color doppler of ovarian dominant follicle gives an idea of quality of the oocyte.
Tubes: Normal fallopian tubes are not visualized in USG. If they are enlarged with fluid-filled in them as in Hydrosalpinx, they can be seen on USG.
Adnexa: Any masses like pedunculated fibroids, cysts. E.g. Paraovarian cysts.
